A list of Mike's meds, plus the specifications
Souza
Posts: 9,400
Here is a short summary on Mike’s alleged meds, both the ones administered by Murray on June 25, and the meds found in his bedroom. Try to visualize Mike’s last months, while being this much of an addict to these medications. It must have been hard for him:
One day depressed, irritated and aggressive, laughing his balls off the next
Low libido one day, chasing after the ladies the other
He must have been a mess, but read up yourself and do the math. Decide for yourself if you believe the drug stories or not.
[center:3cxi2w8g]Drugs found on Mike’s night table[/center:3cxi2w8g]
Diazepam (Valium) -> benzodiazepine
Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche.
It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal, benzodiazepine withdrawal, and Ménière’s disease. It may also be used before certain medical procedures (such as endoscopies) to reduce tension and anxiety, and in some surgical procedures to induce amnesia.
Dosing:
Depending upon severity of symptoms: 2-10 mg, 2-4 times daily.
Adverse reactions:
Incontinence, changes in libido, urinary retention.
Somnolence, Suppression of REM sleep, Impaired motor function(Impaired coordination Impaired balance, Dizziness and nausea), Depression, Impaired learning, Anterograde amnesia (especially pronounced in higher doses), Cognitive deficits, Reflex tachycardia.
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Tamsulosin is primarily used for benign prostatic hyperplasia, but is sometimes used for the passage of kidney stones by the same mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation via alpha antagonism.
Dosing:
Flomax capsules 0.4 mg once daily is recommended as the dose for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of BPH. It should be administered approximately one-half hour following the same meal each day. For those patients who fail to respond to the 0.4 mg dose after two to four weeks of dosing, the dose of flomax capsules can be increased to 0.8 mg once daily.
Adverse effects:
Immunologic: It contains a sulfa moiety, thus causing typical reactions to sulfa drugs.
Ophthalmologic: Patients taking tamsulosin are prone to a complication known as floppy iris syndrome during cataract surgery. Adverse outcomes of the surgery are greatly reduced by the surgeon’s prior knowledge of the patient’s history with this drug, and thus having the option of alternative techniques.
Tamsulosin can cause males to experience retrograde ejaculation. Occasionally, tamsulosin can cause a drop in blood pressure, rarely resulting in dizziness or fainting. Other reported side effects include headache, dizziness, nasal congestion, and palpitations.
Lorazepam (Ativan) -> benzodiazepine
Lorazepam, initially marketed under the brand names Ativan and Temesta, is a benzodiazepine drug with short to medium duration of action. It has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant. It is a powerful anxiolytic, and, since its introduction in 1977, lorazepam’s principal use has been in treating the symptom of anxiety. Among benzodiazepines, lorazepam has a relatively high addictive potential.
Dosing:
The dose of lorazepam is tailored to the patient’s needs. The usual dose for treating anxiety is 2-3 mg/day given in two or three divided doses. Insomnia is treated with 2-4 mg given at bedtime.
Adverse effects:
Any of the five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects possessed by lorazepam (sedative/hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, amnesic and anticonvulsant) may be considered as “adverse effects,” or “side-effects,” if unwanted.
Paradoxical effects, Suicidality, Amnesic effects.
Temazepam (Restoril) -> benzodiazepine
Temazepam (marketed under brand names Normison, Temtabs, Euhypnos, Restoril, Remestan, Tenox and Norkotral) is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine. It is generally prescribed for the short-term treatment of sleeplessness in patients who have difficulty maintaining sleep. Temazepam is not effective for induction of sleep. In addition, temazepam has anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.
Dosing:
The recommended dose of temazepam when treating insomnia is typically 15 mg, taken at bedtime just before trying to go to sleep. For elderly people or people with other medical problems, the recommended dose is lower — 7.5 mg taken at bedtime.
Adverse effects:
Side effects typical of hypnotic benzodiazepines are related to CNS depression, and include somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, ataxia, headache, lethargy, impairment of memory and learning, increased reaction time and impairment of motor functions (including coordination problems), slurred speech, decreased physical performance, numbed emotions, reduced alertness, muscle weakness, blurred vision (in higher doses), and inattention.
Clonazepam (Klonopin) -> benzodiazepine
Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with highly potent anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and anxiolytic properties. It is marketed by Roche under the trade-names Klonopin in the United States, and Ravotril in Chile. Other names like Rivotril or Rivatril are known throughout the large majority of the rest of the world. Clonazepam is a chlorinated derivative of nitrazepam and a nitrobenzodiazepine like nitrazepam.
Dosing:
Clonazepam must be introduced gradually, and a low starting dose is advisable, such as 0.5 to 1.5 mg/day, which may be taken all at once or divided into two or three doses. The dosage can be increased by 0.5 to 1 mg every 3 to 7 days. The maximum daily dose recommended is 10 mg. In a survey of epilepsy specialists, most recommended no more than 4 mg per day and usually prescribed no more than 2 mg per day.
Adverse effects:
Common
* Drowsiness
* Impairment of cognition, judgment, or memory
* Irritability and aggression
* Psychomotor agitation
* Lack of motivation
* Loss of libido
* Impaired motor function
* Impaired coordination
* Impaired balance
* Dizziness
* Cognitive Impairments
* Increased Sleepwalking (If used in treatment of sleepwalking)
* Auditory Hallucinations
* Short-term memory loss
* Anterograde amnesia (common with higher doses)
* Some users report hangover-like symptoms of being drowsy, having a headache, being sluggish, and being irritable after waking up if the medication is taken before sleep. This is likely the result of the medication’s long half-life, which continues to affect the user after waking up, as well as its disruption of the REM cycle.
Occasional
* Serious dysphoria
* Thrombocytopenia
* Serious psychological and psychiatric side-effects
* Induction of seizures or increased frequency of seizures
* Personality changes
* Behavioural disturbances
Rare
* Psychosis
* Incontinence
* Liver damage
* Paradoxical behavioural disinhibition (most frequently in children, the elderly, and in persons with developmental disabilities)
* Rage
* Excitement
* Impulsivity
Long term effects
The long term effects of clonazepam can include; depression, disinhibition and sexual dysfunction.
Trazodone (Desyrl)
Trazodone (Desyrel, Beneficat, Deprax, Desirel, Molipaxin, Thombran, Trazorel, Trialodine, Trittico) is a psychoactive drug of the piperazine and triazolopyridine chemical classes that has anti depressant anxiolytic, and hypnotic properties. It has been advertised that its therapeutic benefits become noticeable within the first week of administration. Trazodone has considerably less prominent anticholinergic (dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia) and sympatholytic (hypotension, sexual dysfunction consisting of erectile dysfunction and anorgasmia) side effects in comparison to most of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs).
Dosing:
Treatment should be started with low initial doses of 25 to 50 mg daily in divided doses or in an evening single dose. The dose may be increased slowly to a maximum of 300 mg daily in ambulatory patients and to 600 mg daily in hospitalized patients. Geriatric and emaciated patients should begin with 25 mg daily; this dose may be slowly increased to 300 mg. The duration of treatment should be at least one month. A 50 mg dose is recommended when using Trazodone as a sleep aid.
Adverse effects:
The most common adverse reactions encountered are drowsiness, nausea/vomiting, headache and dry mouth. Adverse reactions reported include the following:
Behavioral
Drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy, psychomotor retardation, lightheadedness, dizziness, difficulty in concentration, confusion, uncontrollable laughter, sex drive increase.
Neurological
Tremor, headache, ataxia, migraine, akathisia, muscle stiffness, slurred speech, slowed speech, vertigo, tinnitus, tingling of extremities, paresthesia, weakness, complex partial seizures, and rarely, impaired speech, muscle twitching, numbness, dystonia, euphoria, and involuntary movements.
Autonomic
Dry or numb mouth, blurred vision, priapism, diplopia, miosis, nasal congestion, constipation, sweating, urinary retention, increased urinary frequency and incontinence.
Cardiovascular
Hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, shortness of breath, apnea, syncope, arrhythmias, prolonged P-R interval, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, ventricular ectopic activity (including ventricular tachycardia), myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest.
Tizanidine (Zanaflex)
Tizanidine (brandnames Zanaflex, Sirdalud) is a drug that is used as a muscle relaxant. It is a centrally acting a-2 adrenergic agonist. It is used to treat the spasms, cramping, and tightness of muscles caused by medical problems such as multiple sclerosis, spastic diplegia, back pain, or certain other injuries to the spine or central nervous system. It is also prescribed off-label for migraine headaches, as a sleep aid, and as an anticonvulsant. It is also prescribed for some symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Dosing:
To minimize side effects, begin with a dosage of 4 milligrams, then increase the dose gradually. Doses of 8 milligrams provide relief for most people. No more than 3 doses should be taken each 24 hours. The maximum dose per day is 36 milligrams.
Adverse effects:
Tizanidine use occasionally causes drug induced liver injury. In controlled clinical studies, approximately 5% of patients treated with Zanaflex had elevations of liver function tests (ALT, AST) to greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (or 2 times if baseline levels were elevated). Do not use tizanidine at a time when muscle tone is needed to assure safe balance and movement for certain activities.
[center:3cxi2w8g]Administered on June 25th[/center:3cxi2w8g]
01:30 am - 10mg tablet of Valium.
Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche.
It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal, benzodiazepine withdrawal, and Ménière’s disease. It may also be used before certain medical procedures (such as endoscopies) to reduce tension and anxiety, and in some surgical procedures to induce amnesia.
Dosing:
Depending upon severity of symptoms: 2-10 mg, 2-4 times daily.
Adverse reactions:
Incontinence, changes in libido, urinary retention.
Somnolence, Suppression of REM sleep, Impaired motor function(Impaired coordination Impaired balance, Dizziness and nausea), Depression, Impaired learning, Anterograde amnesia (especially pronounced in higher doses), Cognitive deficits, Reflex tachycardia.
02:00 am - 2mg Lorazepam (Ativan) after dilution, into IV.
Lorazepam, initially marketed under the brand names Ativan and Temesta, is a benzodiazepine drug with short to medium duration of action. It has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant. It is a powerful anxiolytic, and, since its introduction in 1977, lorazepam’s principal use has been in treating the symptom of anxiety. Among benzodiazepines, lorazepam has a relatively high addictive potential.
Dosing:
The dose of lorazepam is tailored to the patient’s needs. The usual dose for treating anxiety is 2-3 mg/day given in two or three divided doses. Insomnia is treated with 2-4 mg given at bedtime.
Adverse effects:
Any of the five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects possessed by lorazepam (sedative/hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, amnesic and anticonvulsant) may be considered as “adverse effects,” or “side-effects,” if unwanted.
Paradoxical effects, Suicidality, Amnesic effects.
03:00 am - 2 mg Midazolam (Veresed) after dilution, into IV.
Midazolam, marketed in English-speaking countries under brand names Dormicum, Hypnovel, Midacum and Versed) is an ultra short-acting benzodiazepine derivative. It has potent anxiolytic, amnestic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant, and sedative properties. Midazolam is water-soluble and fat-soluble in physiologic pH. Freely soluble in alcohol and acetone. It is considered an ultra short-acting benzodiazepine, with an elimination half-life of about 2 hours. It is used in some countries for the short term treatment of insomnia and in many countries as a premedication before surgery. It is therefore a very useful drug to use for short minor procedures such as dental extraction.
Dosing:
Initial dose: 1-2 mg
Additional doses: 1 mg administered at 2-minute intervals
Onset of action: 1-2 minutes
Peak effect: 3-4 minutes
Duration of effect: 15-80 minutes
Adverse effects:
Residual ‘hangover’ effects after nighttime administration of midazolam such as sleepiness, impaired psychomotor and cognitive functions may persist into the next day which may impair the ability of users to drive safely and increase risks of falls and hip fractures. Confusion and amnesia are reported with midazolam. Midazolam has been known to cause a paradoxical reaction in susceptible individuals, a well-documented complication with benzodiazapines. When this occurs, the individual may experience anxiety, involuntary movements, aggressive or violent behavior, uncontrollable crying or verbalization, and other similar effects. This seems to be related to the altered state of consciousness or disinhibition produced by the drug. Some patients may respond to as little as 1 mg. No more than 1.5 mg should be given over a period of no less than 2 minutes.
05:00 am - 2 mg Lorazepam (Ativan), after dilution, into IV. See above.
07:30 am - 2mg of Midazolam (Versed), after dilution, into IV. See above.
10:40 am - 25 mg of Propofol (Diprivan), diluted with Lidocaine (Xylocaine), via IV drip.
Propofol (INN, marketed as Diprivan by AstraZeneca) is a short-acting, intravenously administered hypnotic agent. Its uses include the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation for mechanically ventilated adults, and procedural sedation. Propofol is also commonly used in veterinary medicine. Propofol is approved for use in more than 50 countries, and generic versions are available.
Chemically, propofol is unrelated to barbiturates, and has largely replaced sodium thiopental (Pentothal) for induction of anesthesia as recovery from propofol is more rapid and “clear” as compared to thiopental. Propofol is not considered an analgesic, so opioids such as fentanyl may be combined with propofol to alleviate pain.[1] Due to its amnestic effects and appearance as a white liquid, propofol has been humorously dubbed “milk of amnesia” by medical professionals.
Dosing:
Anesthesia induction, [healthy adults
Dose: 2-2.5 mg/kg IV given as 40 mg q10sec until induction onset
Anesthesia maintenance, [healthy adults
Dose: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/min IV; Alt: 25-50 mg IV prn
Monitored anesthesia care induction
[100-150 mcg/kg/min IV x3-5min]
Alt: 50 mcg/kg IV x1 over 3-5min, then maint. Infusion
Monitored anesthesia care maintenance
[25-75 mcg/kg/min IV]
Alt: 10-20 mg IV prn; Info: avoid bolus doses and reduce dose 20% in elderly, debilitated, neurosurgical, or ASA P3-P4 pts
Adverse effects:
Aside from low blood pressure (mainly through vasodilation) and transient apnea following induction doses, one of propofol’s most frequent side effects is pain on injection, especially in smaller veins. This pain can be mitigated by pretreatment with lidocaine. Patients show great variability in their response to propofol, at times showing profound sedation with small doses. A more serious but rare side effect is dystonia. Mild myoclonic movements are common, as with other intravenous hypnotic agents. Propofol appears to be safe for use in porphyria, and has not been known to trigger malignant hyperpyrexia.
It has been reported that the euphoria caused by propofol is unlike other sedation agents, “I even remember my first experience using propofol: a young woman who was emerging from a MAC anesthesia looked at me as though I were a masked Brad Pitt and told me that she felt simply wonderful” —C.F. Ward, M.D.
Propofol has reportedly induced priapism in some individuals.
[center:3cxi2w8g]After Mike stopped breathing[/center:3cxi2w8g]
0.2 mg of Flumanezil (Anexate) was administered once.
Flumazenil (Anexate), in affidavid listed as Flumanezil
Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and may be used in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. Prior to the administration of flumazenil, necessary measures should be instituted to secure airway, ventilation and intravenous access. Flumazenil is intended as an adjunt to, not as a substitute for, proper management of benzodiazepine overdose. Patients treated with flumazenil should be monitored to resedation, respiratory depression and other residual benzodiazepine effects for an appropriate period after treatment. The prescriber should be aware of a risk of seizure in association with flumazenil treatment, particularly in long-term benzodiazepine users and in cyclic antidepressant overdose.
Dosing:
The recommended dose for adults is 0,2ml every 1–2 minutes until the effect is seen, to a maximum of 3 mg per hour. The onset of action is rapid and usually effects are seen within one to two minutes. The peak effect is seen at six to ten minutes.
[center:3cxi2w8g]Drugs found via autopsy[/center:3cxi2w8g]
Propofol (see above)
Lorazepam (see above)
Midazolam (see above)
Diazepam (see above)
Lidocaine
Lidocaine (INN) or lignocaine (former BAN) is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic, and in minor surgery.
Dosing:
Unknown, in this case Propofol was diluted with Lidocaine.
Adverse effects:
Systemic exposure to excessive quantities of lidocaine mainly result in central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular effects – CNS effects usually occur at lower blood plasma concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects present at higher concentrations, though cardiovascular collapse may also occur with low concentrations. CNS effects may include CNS excitation (nervousness, tingling around the mouth (also known as circumoral paraesthesia), tinnitus, tremor, dizziness, blurred vision, seizures) followed by depression, and with increasingly heavier exposure: drowsiness, loss of consciousness, respiratory depression and apnoea). Cardiovascular effects include hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and/or cardiac arrest – some of which may be due to hypoxemia secondary to respiratory depression.
Ephedrine
Ephedrine is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a decongestant), low blood pressure problems (orthostatic hypotension), or myasthenia gravis. Ephedrine stimulates fatburning and increases alertness and activity of the body. Ephedrine increases the energy and concentration for 6 to 10 hours. The energy released will inhibited the appetite. Ephedrine can also be used for asthma, hay fever and colds.
Dosing:
For prescription ephedrine, do not exceed 150 mg per day in adults.
Adverse effects:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are more common with systemic administration (e.g. injection or oral administration) compared to topical administration (e.g. nasal instillations). ADRs associated with ephedrine therapy include:
Cardiovascular: tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, vasoconstriction with hypertension
Dermatological: flushing, sweating, acne vulgaris
Gastrointestinal: anorexia, nausea
Genitourinary: diuresis (increased urination) due to increased blood flow (difficulty urinating is not uncommon, as alpha-agonists such as ephedrine constrict the internal urethral sphincter, mimicking the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation)
Nervous system: restlessness, confusion, insomnia, mild euphoria, mania/hallucinations (rare except in previously existing psychiatric conditions), delusions, formication (may be possible, but lacks documented evidence) paranoia, hostility, panic, agitation
Respiratory: dyspnea, pulmonary edema
Miscellaneous: dizziness, headache, tremor, hyperglycemic reactions
The approved maximum daily dosage of ephedrine for use as a bronchodilator is 150 mg, as specified on the packaging of the bronchodilator and expectorant combination, Bronkaid, made by Bayer pharmaceuticals.
Overdose can lead to death, although the approved dose is not likely to cause severe reactions when used as directed.
Of course he is not dead and there hasn’t been performed an autopsy on his body, but just imagine you would believe the media and believe the autopsy report. His organs were fine, he was healthy… Now if you are such a big addict to all this stuff, how the hell can your organs be fine?? His liver had to be damaged at the least and we can hardly believe his heart would still be strong.
Also take a look at what kind of medications he supposedly took. They are all sedatives, so WHY the media is feeding us that he was a painkiller addict?
One day depressed, irritated and aggressive, laughing his balls off the next
Low libido one day, chasing after the ladies the other
He must have been a mess, but read up yourself and do the math. Decide for yourself if you believe the drug stories or not.
[center:3cxi2w8g]Drugs found on Mike’s night table[/center:3cxi2w8g]
Diazepam (Valium) -> benzodiazepine
Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche.
It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal, benzodiazepine withdrawal, and Ménière’s disease. It may also be used before certain medical procedures (such as endoscopies) to reduce tension and anxiety, and in some surgical procedures to induce amnesia.
Dosing:
Depending upon severity of symptoms: 2-10 mg, 2-4 times daily.
Adverse reactions:
Incontinence, changes in libido, urinary retention.
Somnolence, Suppression of REM sleep, Impaired motor function(Impaired coordination Impaired balance, Dizziness and nausea), Depression, Impaired learning, Anterograde amnesia (especially pronounced in higher doses), Cognitive deficits, Reflex tachycardia.
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Tamsulosin is primarily used for benign prostatic hyperplasia, but is sometimes used for the passage of kidney stones by the same mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation via alpha antagonism.
Dosing:
Flomax capsules 0.4 mg once daily is recommended as the dose for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of BPH. It should be administered approximately one-half hour following the same meal each day. For those patients who fail to respond to the 0.4 mg dose after two to four weeks of dosing, the dose of flomax capsules can be increased to 0.8 mg once daily.
Adverse effects:
Immunologic: It contains a sulfa moiety, thus causing typical reactions to sulfa drugs.
Ophthalmologic: Patients taking tamsulosin are prone to a complication known as floppy iris syndrome during cataract surgery. Adverse outcomes of the surgery are greatly reduced by the surgeon’s prior knowledge of the patient’s history with this drug, and thus having the option of alternative techniques.
Tamsulosin can cause males to experience retrograde ejaculation. Occasionally, tamsulosin can cause a drop in blood pressure, rarely resulting in dizziness or fainting. Other reported side effects include headache, dizziness, nasal congestion, and palpitations.
Lorazepam (Ativan) -> benzodiazepine
Lorazepam, initially marketed under the brand names Ativan and Temesta, is a benzodiazepine drug with short to medium duration of action. It has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant. It is a powerful anxiolytic, and, since its introduction in 1977, lorazepam’s principal use has been in treating the symptom of anxiety. Among benzodiazepines, lorazepam has a relatively high addictive potential.
Dosing:
The dose of lorazepam is tailored to the patient’s needs. The usual dose for treating anxiety is 2-3 mg/day given in two or three divided doses. Insomnia is treated with 2-4 mg given at bedtime.
Adverse effects:
Any of the five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects possessed by lorazepam (sedative/hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, amnesic and anticonvulsant) may be considered as “adverse effects,” or “side-effects,” if unwanted.
Paradoxical effects, Suicidality, Amnesic effects.
Temazepam (Restoril) -> benzodiazepine
Temazepam (marketed under brand names Normison, Temtabs, Euhypnos, Restoril, Remestan, Tenox and Norkotral) is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine. It is generally prescribed for the short-term treatment of sleeplessness in patients who have difficulty maintaining sleep. Temazepam is not effective for induction of sleep. In addition, temazepam has anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.
Dosing:
The recommended dose of temazepam when treating insomnia is typically 15 mg, taken at bedtime just before trying to go to sleep. For elderly people or people with other medical problems, the recommended dose is lower — 7.5 mg taken at bedtime.
Adverse effects:
Side effects typical of hypnotic benzodiazepines are related to CNS depression, and include somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, ataxia, headache, lethargy, impairment of memory and learning, increased reaction time and impairment of motor functions (including coordination problems), slurred speech, decreased physical performance, numbed emotions, reduced alertness, muscle weakness, blurred vision (in higher doses), and inattention.
Clonazepam (Klonopin) -> benzodiazepine
Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with highly potent anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and anxiolytic properties. It is marketed by Roche under the trade-names Klonopin in the United States, and Ravotril in Chile. Other names like Rivotril or Rivatril are known throughout the large majority of the rest of the world. Clonazepam is a chlorinated derivative of nitrazepam and a nitrobenzodiazepine like nitrazepam.
Dosing:
Clonazepam must be introduced gradually, and a low starting dose is advisable, such as 0.5 to 1.5 mg/day, which may be taken all at once or divided into two or three doses. The dosage can be increased by 0.5 to 1 mg every 3 to 7 days. The maximum daily dose recommended is 10 mg. In a survey of epilepsy specialists, most recommended no more than 4 mg per day and usually prescribed no more than 2 mg per day.
Adverse effects:
Common
* Drowsiness
* Impairment of cognition, judgment, or memory
* Irritability and aggression
* Psychomotor agitation
* Lack of motivation
* Loss of libido
* Impaired motor function
* Impaired coordination
* Impaired balance
* Dizziness
* Cognitive Impairments
* Increased Sleepwalking (If used in treatment of sleepwalking)
* Auditory Hallucinations
* Short-term memory loss
* Anterograde amnesia (common with higher doses)
* Some users report hangover-like symptoms of being drowsy, having a headache, being sluggish, and being irritable after waking up if the medication is taken before sleep. This is likely the result of the medication’s long half-life, which continues to affect the user after waking up, as well as its disruption of the REM cycle.
Occasional
* Serious dysphoria
* Thrombocytopenia
* Serious psychological and psychiatric side-effects
* Induction of seizures or increased frequency of seizures
* Personality changes
* Behavioural disturbances
Rare
* Psychosis
* Incontinence
* Liver damage
* Paradoxical behavioural disinhibition (most frequently in children, the elderly, and in persons with developmental disabilities)
* Rage
* Excitement
* Impulsivity
Long term effects
The long term effects of clonazepam can include; depression, disinhibition and sexual dysfunction.
Trazodone (Desyrl)
Trazodone (Desyrel, Beneficat, Deprax, Desirel, Molipaxin, Thombran, Trazorel, Trialodine, Trittico) is a psychoactive drug of the piperazine and triazolopyridine chemical classes that has anti depressant anxiolytic, and hypnotic properties. It has been advertised that its therapeutic benefits become noticeable within the first week of administration. Trazodone has considerably less prominent anticholinergic (dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia) and sympatholytic (hypotension, sexual dysfunction consisting of erectile dysfunction and anorgasmia) side effects in comparison to most of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs).
Dosing:
Treatment should be started with low initial doses of 25 to 50 mg daily in divided doses or in an evening single dose. The dose may be increased slowly to a maximum of 300 mg daily in ambulatory patients and to 600 mg daily in hospitalized patients. Geriatric and emaciated patients should begin with 25 mg daily; this dose may be slowly increased to 300 mg. The duration of treatment should be at least one month. A 50 mg dose is recommended when using Trazodone as a sleep aid.
Adverse effects:
The most common adverse reactions encountered are drowsiness, nausea/vomiting, headache and dry mouth. Adverse reactions reported include the following:
Behavioral
Drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy, psychomotor retardation, lightheadedness, dizziness, difficulty in concentration, confusion, uncontrollable laughter, sex drive increase.
Neurological
Tremor, headache, ataxia, migraine, akathisia, muscle stiffness, slurred speech, slowed speech, vertigo, tinnitus, tingling of extremities, paresthesia, weakness, complex partial seizures, and rarely, impaired speech, muscle twitching, numbness, dystonia, euphoria, and involuntary movements.
Autonomic
Dry or numb mouth, blurred vision, priapism, diplopia, miosis, nasal congestion, constipation, sweating, urinary retention, increased urinary frequency and incontinence.
Cardiovascular
Hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, shortness of breath, apnea, syncope, arrhythmias, prolonged P-R interval, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, ventricular ectopic activity (including ventricular tachycardia), myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest.
Tizanidine (Zanaflex)
Tizanidine (brandnames Zanaflex, Sirdalud) is a drug that is used as a muscle relaxant. It is a centrally acting a-2 adrenergic agonist. It is used to treat the spasms, cramping, and tightness of muscles caused by medical problems such as multiple sclerosis, spastic diplegia, back pain, or certain other injuries to the spine or central nervous system. It is also prescribed off-label for migraine headaches, as a sleep aid, and as an anticonvulsant. It is also prescribed for some symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Dosing:
To minimize side effects, begin with a dosage of 4 milligrams, then increase the dose gradually. Doses of 8 milligrams provide relief for most people. No more than 3 doses should be taken each 24 hours. The maximum dose per day is 36 milligrams.
Adverse effects:
Tizanidine use occasionally causes drug induced liver injury. In controlled clinical studies, approximately 5% of patients treated with Zanaflex had elevations of liver function tests (ALT, AST) to greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (or 2 times if baseline levels were elevated). Do not use tizanidine at a time when muscle tone is needed to assure safe balance and movement for certain activities.
[center:3cxi2w8g]Administered on June 25th[/center:3cxi2w8g]
01:30 am - 10mg tablet of Valium.
Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche.
It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal, benzodiazepine withdrawal, and Ménière’s disease. It may also be used before certain medical procedures (such as endoscopies) to reduce tension and anxiety, and in some surgical procedures to induce amnesia.
Dosing:
Depending upon severity of symptoms: 2-10 mg, 2-4 times daily.
Adverse reactions:
Incontinence, changes in libido, urinary retention.
Somnolence, Suppression of REM sleep, Impaired motor function(Impaired coordination Impaired balance, Dizziness and nausea), Depression, Impaired learning, Anterograde amnesia (especially pronounced in higher doses), Cognitive deficits, Reflex tachycardia.
02:00 am - 2mg Lorazepam (Ativan) after dilution, into IV.
Lorazepam, initially marketed under the brand names Ativan and Temesta, is a benzodiazepine drug with short to medium duration of action. It has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant. It is a powerful anxiolytic, and, since its introduction in 1977, lorazepam’s principal use has been in treating the symptom of anxiety. Among benzodiazepines, lorazepam has a relatively high addictive potential.
Dosing:
The dose of lorazepam is tailored to the patient’s needs. The usual dose for treating anxiety is 2-3 mg/day given in two or three divided doses. Insomnia is treated with 2-4 mg given at bedtime.
Adverse effects:
Any of the five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects possessed by lorazepam (sedative/hypnotic, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, amnesic and anticonvulsant) may be considered as “adverse effects,” or “side-effects,” if unwanted.
Paradoxical effects, Suicidality, Amnesic effects.
03:00 am - 2 mg Midazolam (Veresed) after dilution, into IV.
Midazolam, marketed in English-speaking countries under brand names Dormicum, Hypnovel, Midacum and Versed) is an ultra short-acting benzodiazepine derivative. It has potent anxiolytic, amnestic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant, and sedative properties. Midazolam is water-soluble and fat-soluble in physiologic pH. Freely soluble in alcohol and acetone. It is considered an ultra short-acting benzodiazepine, with an elimination half-life of about 2 hours. It is used in some countries for the short term treatment of insomnia and in many countries as a premedication before surgery. It is therefore a very useful drug to use for short minor procedures such as dental extraction.
Dosing:
Initial dose: 1-2 mg
Additional doses: 1 mg administered at 2-minute intervals
Onset of action: 1-2 minutes
Peak effect: 3-4 minutes
Duration of effect: 15-80 minutes
Adverse effects:
Residual ‘hangover’ effects after nighttime administration of midazolam such as sleepiness, impaired psychomotor and cognitive functions may persist into the next day which may impair the ability of users to drive safely and increase risks of falls and hip fractures. Confusion and amnesia are reported with midazolam. Midazolam has been known to cause a paradoxical reaction in susceptible individuals, a well-documented complication with benzodiazapines. When this occurs, the individual may experience anxiety, involuntary movements, aggressive or violent behavior, uncontrollable crying or verbalization, and other similar effects. This seems to be related to the altered state of consciousness or disinhibition produced by the drug. Some patients may respond to as little as 1 mg. No more than 1.5 mg should be given over a period of no less than 2 minutes.
05:00 am - 2 mg Lorazepam (Ativan), after dilution, into IV. See above.
07:30 am - 2mg of Midazolam (Versed), after dilution, into IV. See above.
10:40 am - 25 mg of Propofol (Diprivan), diluted with Lidocaine (Xylocaine), via IV drip.
Propofol (INN, marketed as Diprivan by AstraZeneca) is a short-acting, intravenously administered hypnotic agent. Its uses include the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation for mechanically ventilated adults, and procedural sedation. Propofol is also commonly used in veterinary medicine. Propofol is approved for use in more than 50 countries, and generic versions are available.
Chemically, propofol is unrelated to barbiturates, and has largely replaced sodium thiopental (Pentothal) for induction of anesthesia as recovery from propofol is more rapid and “clear” as compared to thiopental. Propofol is not considered an analgesic, so opioids such as fentanyl may be combined with propofol to alleviate pain.[1] Due to its amnestic effects and appearance as a white liquid, propofol has been humorously dubbed “milk of amnesia” by medical professionals.
Dosing:
Anesthesia induction, [healthy adults
Dose: 2-2.5 mg/kg IV given as 40 mg q10sec until induction onset
Anesthesia maintenance, [healthy adults
Dose: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/min IV; Alt: 25-50 mg IV prn
Monitored anesthesia care induction
[100-150 mcg/kg/min IV x3-5min]
Alt: 50 mcg/kg IV x1 over 3-5min, then maint. Infusion
Monitored anesthesia care maintenance
[25-75 mcg/kg/min IV]
Alt: 10-20 mg IV prn; Info: avoid bolus doses and reduce dose 20% in elderly, debilitated, neurosurgical, or ASA P3-P4 pts
Adverse effects:
Aside from low blood pressure (mainly through vasodilation) and transient apnea following induction doses, one of propofol’s most frequent side effects is pain on injection, especially in smaller veins. This pain can be mitigated by pretreatment with lidocaine. Patients show great variability in their response to propofol, at times showing profound sedation with small doses. A more serious but rare side effect is dystonia. Mild myoclonic movements are common, as with other intravenous hypnotic agents. Propofol appears to be safe for use in porphyria, and has not been known to trigger malignant hyperpyrexia.
It has been reported that the euphoria caused by propofol is unlike other sedation agents, “I even remember my first experience using propofol: a young woman who was emerging from a MAC anesthesia looked at me as though I were a masked Brad Pitt and told me that she felt simply wonderful” —C.F. Ward, M.D.
Propofol has reportedly induced priapism in some individuals.
[center:3cxi2w8g]After Mike stopped breathing[/center:3cxi2w8g]
0.2 mg of Flumanezil (Anexate) was administered once.
Flumazenil (Anexate), in affidavid listed as Flumanezil
Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and may be used in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. Prior to the administration of flumazenil, necessary measures should be instituted to secure airway, ventilation and intravenous access. Flumazenil is intended as an adjunt to, not as a substitute for, proper management of benzodiazepine overdose. Patients treated with flumazenil should be monitored to resedation, respiratory depression and other residual benzodiazepine effects for an appropriate period after treatment. The prescriber should be aware of a risk of seizure in association with flumazenil treatment, particularly in long-term benzodiazepine users and in cyclic antidepressant overdose.
Dosing:
The recommended dose for adults is 0,2ml every 1–2 minutes until the effect is seen, to a maximum of 3 mg per hour. The onset of action is rapid and usually effects are seen within one to two minutes. The peak effect is seen at six to ten minutes.
[center:3cxi2w8g]Drugs found via autopsy[/center:3cxi2w8g]
Propofol (see above)
Lorazepam (see above)
Midazolam (see above)
Diazepam (see above)
Lidocaine
Lidocaine (INN) or lignocaine (former BAN) is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic, and in minor surgery.
Dosing:
Unknown, in this case Propofol was diluted with Lidocaine.
Adverse effects:
Systemic exposure to excessive quantities of lidocaine mainly result in central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular effects – CNS effects usually occur at lower blood plasma concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects present at higher concentrations, though cardiovascular collapse may also occur with low concentrations. CNS effects may include CNS excitation (nervousness, tingling around the mouth (also known as circumoral paraesthesia), tinnitus, tremor, dizziness, blurred vision, seizures) followed by depression, and with increasingly heavier exposure: drowsiness, loss of consciousness, respiratory depression and apnoea). Cardiovascular effects include hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and/or cardiac arrest – some of which may be due to hypoxemia secondary to respiratory depression.
Ephedrine
Ephedrine is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a decongestant), low blood pressure problems (orthostatic hypotension), or myasthenia gravis. Ephedrine stimulates fatburning and increases alertness and activity of the body. Ephedrine increases the energy and concentration for 6 to 10 hours. The energy released will inhibited the appetite. Ephedrine can also be used for asthma, hay fever and colds.
Dosing:
For prescription ephedrine, do not exceed 150 mg per day in adults.
Adverse effects:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are more common with systemic administration (e.g. injection or oral administration) compared to topical administration (e.g. nasal instillations). ADRs associated with ephedrine therapy include:
Cardiovascular: tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, vasoconstriction with hypertension
Dermatological: flushing, sweating, acne vulgaris
Gastrointestinal: anorexia, nausea
Genitourinary: diuresis (increased urination) due to increased blood flow (difficulty urinating is not uncommon, as alpha-agonists such as ephedrine constrict the internal urethral sphincter, mimicking the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation)
Nervous system: restlessness, confusion, insomnia, mild euphoria, mania/hallucinations (rare except in previously existing psychiatric conditions), delusions, formication (may be possible, but lacks documented evidence) paranoia, hostility, panic, agitation
Respiratory: dyspnea, pulmonary edema
Miscellaneous: dizziness, headache, tremor, hyperglycemic reactions
The approved maximum daily dosage of ephedrine for use as a bronchodilator is 150 mg, as specified on the packaging of the bronchodilator and expectorant combination, Bronkaid, made by Bayer pharmaceuticals.
Overdose can lead to death, although the approved dose is not likely to cause severe reactions when used as directed.
Of course he is not dead and there hasn’t been performed an autopsy on his body, but just imagine you would believe the media and believe the autopsy report. His organs were fine, he was healthy… Now if you are such a big addict to all this stuff, how the hell can your organs be fine?? His liver had to be damaged at the least and we can hardly believe his heart would still be strong.
Also take a look at what kind of medications he supposedly took. They are all sedatives, so WHY the media is feeding us that he was a painkiller addict?
"For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places."
Comments
I believe MJ was reccomended and given those prescription drugs from doctors to treat his anxiety, depression or whatever symptoms he presented when he got them prescribed, but, he never took them. He was able to heal himself on those matters with meditation, visualization and....may be a little bit of hash <!-- s;) -->;)<!-- s;) -->
The "bed scenario" referred as Crime Scene have been a parody of the secondary effects that the medications @Souza has described can lead to.
If a huge part of the hoax is to expose certain evil organizations in the world, perhaps this part of the hoax was for the pharmaceutical industries. Some of the side effects are worse than the actual condition! These medicines are poisoning the body and we should know this instinctively because our bodies tell us this but the docs tell us something else...because the pharmaceutical companies sign their pay cheques. There are so many conditions that people try to medicate into oblivion when it's simply not necessary! There are many natural remedies out there but "they" don't want anyone to know this.
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The article: FORBIDDEN CURES
If he took all those drugs he would have been dead long time ago. I had stated on other threads that Michael has said in an interview that he does not take any aspirins, tylenol, aleve for headhaches. So why on earth would he take all those prescription drugs?
He was very consciencious of his health,and weight. This is a puzzle that we may never know unless he comes back and explains everything.
It's all so fake, and if it isn't holy shit is it ever a coincidence.. all 20,000 of them.
Thank you , SEHF. Perfectly stated and on point!
I understand you. It is very hard to maintain faith and positiveness. I felt the same at the begining. When they found good clues that he did not die, I believed that he was alive, once they found clues that the family was crying especially Katherine, I felt he was dead. I do strongly believe he did fake his death, to get out of this Illuminati, and probably his concerts. He probably did not feel like doing the 50 concerts. He wanted to do only 10. Nobody will kick you off if you are skeptical. We all love Michael here. God bless.
wow i hope you will encourage your friend to find some other way to deal with their situation.
with the L.O.V.E.
I never bought into the drug addiction crap either....what he was supposed to have been taking didn't match with the autopsy report-the ambulance-the death bed pic etc.....but i feel if he had been murdered then it would have been by some professional who knew what they were doing and would have been convincing, and we wouldn't have been able to find all these errors they made..if it had happened as we have been told it happened then it would have all made sense, and wouldn't have found all these errors either, so the only other thing left is the fake death theory..and as far as that goes, Michael was a clever man and knew many who were clever, and if he wanted to fake his death and not come back then he would have comvinced us...so what are we left with?...he faked his death and has done these inconsitencies on purpose for us to get to the bottom of!
he faked his death and intended on coming back... and did these inconsitencies on purpose for us to get to the bottom of!
"For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places."
Wow, where did you find all this info Sous? You must have been doing a lot of research while I was abroad!!
Thanks for the info, its definitely worth reading.
Yes, the info is worth reading.
Since the 1st day that Murray became the "executor of MJ" some words ring my bells.
During the research, I tried to find similarities on the case by triying to understand, from the hoax point of view, how MJ would "heal the world" or send a message based on something regarding human rights.
This post of mine may be is not interesting (if fits better in other thread, please, feel free to move it <!-- s;) -->;)<!-- s;) --> ), or have nothing to do with the question you want to accomplished. Who knows! may be is even extremely boring, but I´ll take the time to post it, because imo, it is relevant to may be understand the issue concerning MJ-->drugs given-->how the drugs were administered outside the hospital by a non qualified anestesiologist-->Murray being judge by it.
Having the bedroom picture on mind,
I do see some similarities within the sedatives administered and their reaction to the body of the intaker and how those drugs were administered with a more complex scenario that leads to the same end "Lethal Dose"
HOSPIRA, INC. and LETHAL INJECTION DRUGS: On March 31, 2010, Hospira Inc., the pharmaceutical company that manufactures all three lethal injection drugs, and the only US manufacturer of the anesthetic sodium thiopental, sent a letter to state departments of correction, stating their objection to the use of these drugs for executions. A shortage of sodium thiopental, used in both the three and one-drug protocols, may have prompted this letter, but the objection was to the use of any of the drugs for capital punishment purposes.
Lethal injection can cause excruciating pain. Since the first lethal injection on December 7, 1982, over 1,000 prisoners in the USA have been executed by this method and it has all but replaced other methods of execution.
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Lethal injection is the practice of injecting a person with a fatal dose of drugs (typically a solution) for the express purpose of causing the immediate death of the subject. The main application for this procedure is capital punishment, but the term may also be applied in a broad sense to euthanasia and suicide. It kills the person by first putting the person to sleep, then stopping the breathing and heart in that order.
<!-- m -->http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethal_injection<!-- m -->
Barbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, and, by virtue of this, they produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to total anesthesia. They are also effective as anxiolytics, as hypnotics, and as anticonvulsants. They have addiction potential, both physical and psychological. Barbiturates have now largely been replaced by benzodiazepines in routine medical practice - for example, in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia – mainly because benzodiazepines are significantly less dangerous in overdose. However, barbiturates are still used in general anesthesia, as well as for epilepsy. Barbiturates are derivatives of barbituric acid.
Neuromuscular blocking drugs block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction,[1] causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. This is accomplished either by acting presynaptically via the inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis or release, or by acting postsynaptically at the acetylcholine receptors of the motor nerve end-plate. While there are drugs that act presynaptically (such as botulinum toxin and tetrodotoxin), the clinically-relevant drugs work postsynaptically.
Clinically, neuromuscular block is used adjunctively to anesthesia to produce paralysis, so that surgery, especially intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic surgeries, can be conducted with fewer complications. Because the appropriate dose of neuromuscular blocking drug may paralyze muscles required for breathing (i.e. the diaphragm), mechanical ventilation should be available to maintain adequate respiration.
Patients are still aware of pain even after full conduction block has occurred; hence, general anesthetics and/or analgesics must be given to prevent anesthesia awareness.
Quaternary ammonium muscle relaxants are quaternary ammonium salts used as drugs for muscle relaxation, most commonly in anesthesia.
The majority of the potassium chloride produced is used for making fertilizer, since the growth of many plants is limited by their potassium intake. As a chemical feedstock it is used for the manufacture of potassium hydroxide and potassium metal. It is also used in medicine, scientific applications, food processing, and as a sodium-free substitute for table salt (sodium chloride).
Potassium chloride is used as the third of a three-drug combination in lethal injection.
<!-- m -->http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethal_injection<!-- m -->
The Process
# The prisoner is bound to a gurney; two needles are inserted into the prisoner's veins and a saline solution is injected.
# Sodium thiopental, an anesthetic, is injected to put the prisoner to sleep.
# Pavulon, or pancuronium bromide, is released, inducing paralysis and stopping breathing.
# Finally, the flow of potassium chloride stops the heart. This chemical can cause excruciating pain if the prisoner is still conscious.
The Potential Problems
# The prisoner resists and delays establishment of an intravenous line.
# The execution team is not able to find a suitable vein.
# The mixture or composition of drugs is wrong.
# The direction of flow of the injection is wrong.
# The chemicals are directed into tissue rather than a vein.
# The prisoner does not react normally to the drugs.
The Results
# If not rendered unconscious, the inmate will feel excruciating pain; if paralyzed by the pancuronium bromide, the inmate will be unable to show this pain.
# Some executions have lasted between 20 minutes to over an hour and prisoners have been seen gasping for air, grimacing and convulsing during executions.
# Autopsies have shown severe, foot long chemical burns to the skin and needles have been found in soft tissue.
CONCERNS:
Misunderstanding the cruel, inhuman and degrading nature of the death penalty.
By focusing on a presumed reduction in pain suffered during lethal injection, proponents of this method disregard the suffering inflicted on prisoners throughout the entire death penalty process.
The involvement of health personnel in executions.
Virtually all codes of professional ethics which consider the death penalty oppose health professional participation. Despite this, health professionals are required by law in many death penalty states to assist executions and in some cases have carried out the killings.
The potential for physical suffering
A number of lethal injections in the USA have been botched and caused visible suffering. In addition, a number of recent court challenges have been based on inherent potential problems with the method, notably that the use of a paralysing agent in the lethal mixture could mask any suffering caused by the execution.
Not a humane mixture for euthanizing animals.
Because of the potential for masking pain, the American Veterinary Medical Association has rejected the use of paralyzing agents like pancuronium bromide in animal euthanasia. In states like Tennessee and Texas pancuronium bromide is banned for use on animals; yet it continues to be used on humans.
Statements of U.S. Health Professional Associations on Participation in Executions
* American Medical Association: A physician, as a member of a profession dedicated to preserving life when there is hope of doing so, should not be a participant in a legally authorized execution.
* American Nurses Association: The American Nurses Association (ANA) is strongly opposed to nurse participation in capital punishment. Participation in executions is viewed as contrary to the fundamental goals and ethical traditions of the profession. (Summary, login required to view full statement)
* American College of Physicians: Participation by physicians in the execution of prisoners except to certify death is unethical.
* American Public Health Association: The APHA publicly reaffirm its March 1994 collaborative statement to all health professional societies and state licensing and discipline boards that health professional participation in executions or pre-execution procedures is a serious violation of ethical codes and should be grounds for active disciplinary proceedings including expulsion from society membership and license revocation.
* National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians: The National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (NAEMT) is strongly opposed to participation in capital punishment by an EMT, Paramedic or other emergency medical professional. Participation in executions is viewed as contrary to the fundamental goals and ethical obligations of emergency medical services.
* American Society of Anesthesiologists: Although lethal injection mimics certain technical aspects of the practice of anesthesia, capital punishment in any form is not the practice of medicine ... ASA continues to agree with the position of the American Medical Association on physician involvement in capital punishment. ASA strongly discourages participation by anesthesiologists in executions. (emphasis in original)
* Society of Correctional Physicians: The correctional health professional shall ... Not be involved in any aspect of execution of the death penalty.
Are you following me?
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Totally agree with you! Unless it was all part of the script!